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* V* C2 g& C# Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, S/ Y0 j: h# a1 C$ k9 R% d% I: }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, ' Y, O5 m6 c: m6 ^* E
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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 8 `6 k; K) n( M宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性," I! v7 v$ e2 a" xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% ^, r, J& v8 s' I
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, ) I' u. ^3 m2 m: ~! o: I/ D宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, " H# Q1 h$ V& i6 b
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# ]: ~9 d- E5 y5 L t" T7 \"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, : Q! `/ |/ G7 Q6 `% `9 P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 2 R1 Z- E' n) [2 x, l- e# L! q# a
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"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, % V8 ]' n; ~4 x" e( t3 T! l
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 9 m9 f% ~0 U f) J0 Q" k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 # m8 e& J3 B+ ~, a
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& L1 m/ b3 G# n3 S- f1 ~" n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,9 x, _8 w. |' K' ^/ E+ v" }
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4 g* W5 o: |% g, s"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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$ u) [+ S/ g. y; c# ]* ?6 `% o4 V8 V& ]1 Z d6 c0 _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, ( F3 A ]& Q/ R: D. q* M宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ " i+ T6 I0 M' {* E- R+ _& C宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” ) M; ]) u. W0 Z- C7 Z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ W1 i% T: Y D7 H2 M, @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” # K: [+ I- y- ~! d! y7 G
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, " Z) i. `( M5 I+ q: F1 [. Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 o+ ~1 y( C& P2 S( p9 T
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 4 D. j9 K- C" o; k, K" e
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 9 ^4 _$ C& v' g! @: a' y2 P$ g
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1 o9 Q2 ^, Q8 O"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,* L d5 f1 G L) r% r( x7 A3 s8 q% }. P: r
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, D m! c7 j6 h# e% z
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"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, & r1 A" k0 l0 r& _; \% i& g; l% A: a
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 6 v3 k/ v" @2 `( k* Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ _. T& o$ p1 |. Q8 s: |/ \; [
"Times New Roman"">“ * M& X1 D4 I7 v6 ~" B# |+ g! z2 Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? # p: X3 k0 b- \+ g' Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” # Y3 i7 G! L7 f: d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, " G- A4 L& A* a1 C' v: c0 M9 J8 \
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. |, n' |( a0 F6 K& }7 T" Kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 6 f/ l' ~, R1 y' S) i8 x( V
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 : j1 f) |9 G8 Q+ r0 Z- d* a宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 5 x6 h5 M" ]. A) Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" m& l" T; ]; c' w$ G"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
* T/ ~: a1 M" |: s0 Z/ m* u) C! `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 7 ]/ _7 v2 W# @7 J9 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 d. J# Q0 z9 Y% F
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 8 |6 a( o# ~! Z; M+ h7 F% t% omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 3 x8 k8 q0 p! m mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里1 E4 ~4 h/ Z( V; j2 F$ L* I c- w# ?. s
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 - O% |& f' o \- }: U. X4 @4 h: Z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(5 E! ~- \5 m I# i5 n3 s- L1 q0 |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 0 o% R) k) P0 a- Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ i b1 h! Q: }+ G! P0 K"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用6 b# X" G8 B, s+ f; M/ S12.0pt">, - c5 n, c& D' y"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, " n8 H0 J# b* A! M7 T: W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( W7 o" j Y# y; }; |0 O* M8 p* s"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, # z' y. U! A+ o$ E- hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!2 l/ \% j- j! x) g: q6 b
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 8 A) M# p# B) Y, A& Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! X+ Y1 d2 N+ j7 j9 x; s. \"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: / n0 p* u- t W2 p! Y
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 5 P) w7 ]3 [/ s/ K' K6 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 2 M- Q& G4 a! g3 C. lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”% H, O9 D7 [ v/ ]+ M& r/ R12.0pt"> 0 x7 U, Y" b1 E2 I7 A8 C0 t: W"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 2 i, m) }- M( d' P! j8 }& q* T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 k4 O% @2 P9 P3 j }3 Y o"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, + ?, r6 ~ N1 ^9 @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 7 L- D4 g, b1 C, X2 l+ m
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 2 a }0 n' T; F8 r8 u3 w, }
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"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ # A8 W0 m( [; {8 O" bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 7 [+ _9 b& d7 z% j& [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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$ X/ x! ]6 r& B; `4 a+ E! U( I6 l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, & ?8 N" W( Z; Q- V; j* i0 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 X; z2 T D2 |% A; a4 r" k"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,$ H( V% |9 _2 O5 b: P0 |
5 B9 A, D$ F$ y1 i; d! Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 4 y( H4 K C) G
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# _, Y6 Q p' S"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,* B% o2 N7 u9 P. E% i$ V1 I4 \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 1 D3 G* q; Z+ [! _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 N2 a2 w1 N( H+ `
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题; H% |4 B) J% M4 u12.0pt">: 6 Z! c) V) ~% \9 C
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: : t0 E5 ]7 K2 E- y
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"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才4 l2 u; R7 Q) V/ N# L# d! L. W
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, . X) W+ M# [' x5 Q5 Q3 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 g( @0 o& b i7 @7 j' i5 b
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; " P s% C2 D& `) ?- E) S0 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 5 ]( _, B' c: J# j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, ( @4 U. t% g, ~2 K5 y o7 U
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题. j4 H* D! K7 _- K12.0pt">; & z% _. A3 x, h: p* y"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, * d. J$ t2 B0 d) |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* u8 h3 X0 A# r8 M
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求4 T( z5 \+ d2 s/ N4 `8 X+ \, h4 y12.0pt">: ' N( W* ]" {4 T* z( G
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; + t m9 c, f' T+ C, S( O/ m& K4 ^ Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 A; N5 N; W- U( C }7 Q( t$ M9 U"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, - ~9 x% q R4 \0 n& c. Lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, : C+ g3 F1 b. q1 A$ T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. f/ k9 x6 v* ?% D5 u; r# y"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统6 z% F# p0 v) f2 s% m, [( q
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ ' B- ~6 `. p) G* R& q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 6 @9 c) F2 d6 }! v+ Z' ~( D: v
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> 1 U2 r) u. i3 F6 k+ P! m8 I1 w
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,1 Z, J3 V4 k& _4 b* s5 w) A& |
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"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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- i' v# t6 L: V7 T2 Q2 I2 K$ q, | J+ t. P( d& {4 i4 Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 8 i5 e+ g. `, k) ?, O
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7 v# q, @' l4 M H; \"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, - T) l" l8 A% d9 i$ S% a宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 4 o5 ]: S: Q/ K3 ?
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"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
- Q6 R" e" Q/ l; c9 s% ~/ [$ A- I' ?9 l, y! P& Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, y+ n( \" N# t3 u. d
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"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, - o; x2 t G' b/ r/ W- smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 8 ^( `/ e w7 g5 T' ^1 K& }% g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: , t9 T, |5 ^, e0 a2 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ |0 |, P0 I# j7 F0 ~. a5 o"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, + w r4 |, r3 e8 R
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 0 f) [! E' a: t: {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! n2 m/ V7 \( e6 U
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, 4 |: O! ^7 l P# _* c$ X4 j0 h2 _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 , M/ t% p, m" ^; B: F) F6 o; T/ k: s
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2 V0 w2 n( f& Q/ S6 @9 O; U9 j0 p- a( _9 u+ m' vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,3 P1 l8 F9 P* f( jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& }# C8 L: v$ c! y* U8 s, y
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定+ b2 c* l' R# u4 L' n+ {( l. E, M12.0pt">, * |: D. A5 f* M& N0 j7 R; o' ~"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, / m# \; Z0 T* v! I9 x8 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 M8 t% F0 m; v
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:2 ?+ ]8 X: P4 w6 N2 A& d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, ) T+ S/ m2 O, H( p1 J, c5 F. ?
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, & w- W0 |( j6 D/ u0 V% } \' Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 q, }1 `/ a0 q: A"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, ! f i( j5 t( L2 D2 Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, ; b6 y/ A+ N1 b9 }( M! t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
9 _' U; O* v6 _; |' Z7 N"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 3 X4 [. z" i: K: M8 K l3 m
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 8 J1 M7 q, F5 l+ N& t
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 2 U/ R, \8 _% b' Z9 ^2 }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 X: g: U5 k% s5 J+ x) N; ?1 q$ s# U"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
