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9 j7 U; a" B/ {+ ATahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网- H8 U' e c9 U: K% L" @! C3 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ* s7 r, b( M: F: `' n+ tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 D0 W) C7 r) S1 ^. x1 f8 u
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。+ P7 |4 E/ @( a: J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ Y$ b2 n: i ?. H; x$ Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">5, u' k& Q* g7 M% }; y0 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# a# L. r3 V) ~. R2 Q& \5 f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：- V+ L X4 ?" x% p+ d. Q
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& \. V: m3 p" O7 u) Emso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。9 \( n8 _3 T0 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">” `( O2 b) q# a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：5 X. N0 k& y- Y+ |# B) y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。% Z$ f: @. h; |* E& ^2 t7 O1 i' }
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K& |4 I6 J4 f. Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：7 `! q8 {7 b+ F2 u$ @" W" S( K8 U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？& Z6 v# D: R$ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. k. h% g$ z# L$ l' s& s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：; `$ j- ~0 W8 d& h& S1 a% S& kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% |/ S1 N0 ~' E) ?8 f+ v: Hmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;$ w4 `7 M4 _* F* r; [- i* z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 p, a$ x1 r" e* O9 N2 Wcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。/ {7 Q0 I _3 r9 m8 d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：, {- p' v+ A. U1 J
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7 a1 ^9 W+ m9 k. C8 r; mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。# X3 ~3 r# _! W! u1 z0 ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 o" K- R B; T5 z, h/ {
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& U# l' q* P) J: g# m* k# {5 p) f+ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：& A. {+ v% w3 v; h# J' j1 |0pt">"7 E2 f4 W- t! j, T7 B3 ?) wmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
; v7 ^% j/ i8 X; rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。& t$ k; M4 K& N8 A5 N
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; l. ?0 ^, b5 }0 n$ smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：: ?2 G5 p4 w0 o# c' j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢5 T9 U% [" o# Y& y7 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 5 H% f' c$ U0 ^/ [' bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 N6 W- T. T3 H/ Z4 P" ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 o* a! l3 ^1 j/ A* J9 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。% j9 j j: H! X5 U( @mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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; v2 |$ z# Q4 e% I6 z* ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是9 S: j7 d/ D7 O# K- o2 {" G( Q `3 |7 R
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* D4 t7 Z6 y3 `! d" B% xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违; G+ x4 `1 K1 H
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6 ]" ?( R0 h0 d O; H, s4 C9 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得; R" w& f7 W) s5 u
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+ N3 w8 y+ a* i! x3 s" N* T Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违2 f+ F: e9 w4 T" \
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: z/ _/ K1 m+ }6 V9 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲; u* c/ B% g3 t) e' _0 | |+ {
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1 x* _+ Z; ?+ kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，. M5 G n1 N4 @7 h5 D2 o3 X! Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“% x- I! h6 H* [0 O( Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ t, h# F9 x( y. amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ g" L# e$ u& T( v$ R7 t' [- b' N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。- t: o% m2 I: ~, [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。2 D& H/ N7 ^( S# Z& U. G* V. Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义' r/ r' z4 Z- V% Y7 h) {: ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" m3 ]1 d" J1 R! g4 E% DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！; V5 N. ], S" j( W$ N; a4 T7 w& N, Amso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 G" L$ C }1 f F2 e1 q! v8 ?
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2 ?% S# _' ]3 [" Q( f6 f" c( ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。$ v: a* }8 H$ D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述+ D1 Q) t$ |3 T6 x
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, l) A8 q! Q. R$ pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊$ H; S( M4 S7 {: A. M2 }& K( B1 K4 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) J8 {1 H9 t! V0 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。5 Y6 g: `' o5 U3 Q2 ]2 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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; K5 v' D2 h8 uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。- T R: [) S, \mso-font-kerning:0pt">——" r) }6 h: t& c4 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。% |% f4 d L. tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ w; m, o0 K0 j0 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% Y1 K3 Q1 U4 H7 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：0 `8 N" `/ m# D, [$ ^5 E+ X4 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 H( z4 m5 Z% `' c* O! cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 Y& U) Y7 O7 D, M2 E7 W2 f3 P" \7 X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。" l& e8 Q2 x2 \4 K Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 ?7 x& S) p! M0 p0 D) Z& k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个& X% ?6 ?5 w& G( }* pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: W& x- G% }5 t! }8 j- t3 x' `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 S% q1 q2 n8 d" h0 k0 h5 _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬* }$ |/ q( y& [7 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 V9 [1 p' l2 _) _0 F5 @" y! S" B n
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1 Y3 Q4 R3 ^ O5 i5 r7 Q/ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为# t% I8 m* Q4 T6 I/ C$ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“' _9 ~8 U) Z" L3 G% e$ ?4 }& U! vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。 x8 P+ G8 e( c l- Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 ]8 C) `3 y+ W! Q4 J6 I$ y1 w! oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的: m; j L9 T+ C6 E; \& i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺; a; a& Q! P5 } s; _3 ]( ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 [5 h. ~/ g( {8 B, s; m8 X$ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思7 U, E( y6 P; y: \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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