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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网6 w5 O+ P$ t: R* vmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ: h0 j' q5 n% Y2 S( a A$ G( V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。3 Z/ t& |) n% c$ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! @. e4 ]7 H6 R( c, |5 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">5$ C$ d. ~7 }7 e5 c# Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' ^7 J# x5 }7 G
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4 g7 ^5 [5 J7 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：9 {* v, x" h/ C5 ?& V' L( D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。8 P/ ?4 p5 n; e& K
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8 {: c/ b0 d) X3 u& v9 ~8 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：5 d# j$ S! G3 G! S7 L! N5 Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。* W' A' J* J7 X: T, Q) e5 ocolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" X5 S2 @9 v, ]4 zTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
. b$ T$ u+ h X3 k7 z7 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：) ~; V/ F, g1 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“! h, H$ F. ^( ~, ?" I) Nmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& h4 u4 o+ Z: q9 _5 W* R8 o, Y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？2 _5 m% a, o# y6 S3 x7 @
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% K& O# f( F# xmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：, P5 g V0 k8 ^* J" s) P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ B4 P# Y! { O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。3 U/ d7 Q( R5 m: I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：5 S/ i0 V7 {& f, n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: O" [2 H( K7 _- T& z. Ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
, h1 F' f: S' O3 Q3 q8 D% e/ Z/ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。# a& d8 N& Z! k+ \ {. L# @- \! `3 s10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ {' F4 ^! p7 c% L2 S) R6 A* k0 wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;3 x' W3 _2 J, `* ]
mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：$ G- D/ a+ Z) U0 \0pt">"9 n' Z* o, \" G* F o/ p7 }mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:1 g1 X) t+ l: R0 d8 L
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。+ a# h) v7 K5 |3 ^) e% k! R; |mso-font-kerning:0pt">"7 A8 X" M! ? }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：6 U8 e9 E- m$ R7 o+ ~ q
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- u5 `6 e3 O* Q% s: cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢! y8 {/ ^% z* o; \' d& ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ) ~+ E# Z9 a- Y! m: `3 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 Z; i# } W6 G. z$ U% G" i+ ^5 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：; [! l; N, |6 y. ^* J* I/ R0 Q( l' o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。6 A, X; e: P& }7 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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7 u, U* f$ d! `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是; f- p% q# ]# R1 T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得" x4 c6 R# C5 ] W% z; b+ t. Q3 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲; A0 z% {4 E: n$ T6 t( X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，$ C2 B# E+ B5 x* i- e
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8 I; Y$ ~* R) l: rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。+ ]# O+ q7 `+ m) R2 y+ |
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* }0 G( F B0 d5 F8 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。, o2 f" v* w5 c" R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？/ c0 T$ {/ P3 r! U+ i8 O$ v6 m0 }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。4 c- f9 ~$ S. s: S( ~- k0 e
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7 r2 p% C9 B1 a2 C" f: I# s' KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义& ~" r4 H, R) N- mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！. w$ T' f, D1 t, M# h$ c; Z7 i
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4 `# [; }" n2 d) zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。* N$ i) r# U8 M& j lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述2 `: [1 [1 Y/ B. j1 g4 Q
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4 C' j! [* U, I6 P2 A$ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊% M W3 Q" _+ U+ R# z" mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 r3 v) @$ G/ |. |) G# lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。% k- z. s4 r& O9 E
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。9 t2 ]" d- G: T5 e3 z* p0 t2 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! Q, s& v6 m/ ^+ q% w1 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说： e" o/ Q1 q; H3 w/ H" L- Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ y% X+ m# K' G s! `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ l" I9 M% o* u# O3 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。+ J+ }1 T* r ~0 M# ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# R d* ]& |+ z6 l7 d+ Z
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! a9 I. j5 b' H8 z0 ?, Q5 x3 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个) L% C! W% g. Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; ~0 ]! g- u* P4 [
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. J$ t5 _" R/ X5 G. I$ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬8 @; D( Y2 K+ v, c& V( P
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+ M9 }0 M1 V$ f3 D( I- C( Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为+ ?! p! B. Y9 s x4 J) `( Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 }" ^ S) C+ }; r& W# d0 C
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6 I- _- i) D) p1 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。 X3 n9 T6 G/ i! Q4 m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的" i. a, ~# H" X! Q
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9 q& W+ f/ T# t: w+ f" ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思" |( L/ ]% `( n+ Y, L `8 m& W
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