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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： & P: o; ~2 Q9 m( \. \1 x& z& Jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% Y9 m9 K/ w0 X' M1 x( X% d2 o
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* q- D. s4 c8 i! ^! \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。! K& P0 |' N: ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。5 x6 p4 P: T4 _3 p# g1 s
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9 l+ b' N! S G+ }; t6 A2 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？7 \5 V0 t7 \' W$ Vcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, V/ M+ Y9 g/ L( E( h" e0 ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。* I6 \2 _, T0 ]5 J' C3 O/ T
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: \2 n9 m# M4 d$ ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服" O. \4 g: k/ Z6 ]; ?6 i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢/ |7 a1 J( x( O3 u
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8 T$ l5 u; i" ^ L3 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服9 D9 T8 z A) z) R" M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。7 B/ H4 z' K7 z- X0 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">" 9 }+ h9 J) G' M+ I, Z9 D5 W
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' v3 d7 M! t4 h3 Y+ u4 t n5 Z+ Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新* J/ ?* u' @/ W
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P- @: E3 Z8 C' B! cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白, |% l$ T3 I2 ]% \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学- q7 N6 W( n% ]. Y1 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 x P6 y" }' RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么0 A9 ^% n" a: Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ S. I* y9 f$ |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' |# P/ Q: |+ {) Y% F/ F* K- a( z5 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？3 [/ @2 b" m/ A0 h1 n5 p
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0 R' V4 ~1 c3 \0 O3 P, Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。% \8 u- K$ l' d; E) ^9 G% ~; G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊6 _9 b, F( s5 ]. Z3 Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚& _" P+ P' F/ U* {. s
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* v! _* T0 }0 C# CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！$ P6 z* T$ f8 V
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! B( F/ T; S7 o' K7 r, ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假4 ~. r: }6 `3 Y1 v
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是5 B% a4 s' h! T& ^8 ?3 {3 D$ o, ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! {" Y# d; j# H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题* c- J4 V/ g* m. n G7 d- wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! s- w' A% p8 X4 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* T% X8 N2 g+ Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。- O4 S& ~7 K6 E/ w; g1 @4 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴) \: Z! H X6 `. Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* W6 b4 W9 `9 y6 b9 X3 X3 _, m. yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 g( g% f/ E" C$ X( R. ~; u$ p% {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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